Mast cell tumor (MCT) in dogs is a type of cancer that involves blood cells that normally functions as part of the dog's immune system, mast cells.
MCT is most commonly seen as skin cancer, but it can also be internal, affecting organs like the spleen, liver, or gastrointestinal tract.
MCT is more common in certain dog breeds, such as flat-faced breeds like the Boston terrier and boxer. Retriever breeds are also more prone to MCT. However, MCT can occur in any dog.
Mast cell tumor can produce the following signs when it involves the skin:
When MCT occurs internally, the signs can vary widely depending on the system affected.
MCT is diagnosed with a needle aspirate or biopsy of the affected area. Cells are taken from the mass or the entire lesion is biopsied or removed, and cells are examined under the microscope.
If MCT is diagnosed, additional tests to evaluate organ function and look for evidence of metastasis may be required. The pathologist will diagnose the stage of the MCT, and that will help define the prognosis.
Some skin MCT can be cured with surgery if the surgeon is able to get the entire thing out. Those dogs must be monitored closely because dogs that develop MCT are prone to getting more lesions over time.
More surgery may be required if the pathologist determines that the surgeon didn't get everything out the first time. Radiation may also be necessary.
Dogs with metastasis or internal MCT may need chemotherapy.
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