Dogs use body language to talk to each other and to humans. They are really quite expressive when you know what to look for. Most of the time, people get to know their own dog very well and can determine how they're feeling pretty easily over time.
But it's important to dissect and understand the exact movements dogs make that try to communicate certain things so you can apply that knowledge to any dog you meet. You can also teach your family, especially any children you interact with, about canine body language to keep them safer when they are around dogs.
Dogs use almost everything at their disposal to communicate with each other and us, including:
All dog body language should be read together and there can be some small individual differences between dogs. Watch your dog enough, and you will begin to learn what he's trying to say. Next, we'll give some general characteristics of the body language of dogs displaying certain feelings.
It's critical to know what a dog does when he's scared because a frightened dog can act in unexpected ways, including by biting. Here are some of the common body language markers for a dog that is scared:
If a dog's hackles are raised (the fur along his back is up) and he's pulling his lips back from his teeth while other above cues are present, he is indicating that he's likely to engage in fear-based aggression.
A dog that is extremely fearful may roll on his back, turn his face away from everyone, and even urinate.
A dog that is feeling happy and relaxed may show some of these body language cues:
This dog is happy, and you may be able to approach him slowly and respectfully with the owner's permission.
A dog that has noticed something he'd like to check out might show the following body language:
A dog that is alert may quickly become fearful or aggressive. He may also be gearing up to give chase, so if you're walking him, keep a tight hold on his leash.
A dog that is feeling territorial or otherwise dominant and is indicating that he is ready to bite someone often shows these cues:
•Tail held high—may be twitching or jerking in tiny movements.
•Facial muscles tense and usually wrinkled.
•Lips curled and teeth showing.
•Ears rigid and forward.
•Hackles raised, including bristled tail.
This dog is quite likely to bite and should not be approached.
A dog that is happy and asking for a play session usually looks like this:
This dog wants to play. Throw a toy for him or start a tug-of-war session.
Getting to know and read canine body language takes some time and practice, but it's a useful and essential skill to have and teach others. Learn more about the body language of a dog's tail here: "What Your Dog's Tail Can Tell You."
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